Question: A sender S sends a message m to receiver R, which is digitally signed by S with its private key. In this scenario, one or more of the following security violations can take place.


Options are:

1. A sender S sends a message m to receiver R, which is digitally signed by S with its private key. In this scenario, one or more of the following security violations can take place.

(I) S can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message.
(II) A third party attacker can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message.
(III) R can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message.


Which of the following are possible security violations.


A. (I) and (II) only
B. (I) only
C. (II) only
D. (II) and (III) only


Correct answer is:


B. (I) only

Very helpful